Alexander Gale

Between the 17th and 19th centuries, gentlemen settled their scores with the sword and pistol in deadly duels.

Inspired by a prior generation of innovative French artillery experts, Napoleon transformed his artillery into a dominant force on the battlefield.

From 1815 to 1914, the British grand strategy was to prevent any single European power from becoming dominant.

Thucydides’ account of the confrontation between Athens and Melos poses the question, does might make right?

In the 2nd century BCE, slavery in Ancient Rome on massive agricultural estates replaced the small, family-run Roman farms that had long dominated Roman agriculture.

Philopoemen was an innovative and successful soldier of the Achaean League, regarded as the last great general of ancient Greece by his contemporaries.