From empires to modern unions, explore European history's pivotal events that shaped a continent rich in heritage, culture, and global impact.
Napoleon Bonaparte built upon earlier French military innovations and the circumstances created by the French Revolution to establish the greatest army of his era, the Grande Armée.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the desire to expand and control the spice trade was one of the driving forces behind the Age of Exploration.
In 1683, the Battle of Vienna changed the course of the Ottoman Empire’s history, marking the end of its European expansion.
Many priceless jewels vanished during the Russian Revolution. After the Soviets auctioned off heaps of valuables during the 1920s, many treasures were never seen again.
A skilled warrior, Skanderbeg won fame throughout Europe for his resistance to the Ottomans in the Balkans and is celebrated as an Albanian national hero.
Before he divorced the indomitable Josephine, there was Maria—Napoleon’s quiet Polish mistress who some say altered the course of his life and legacy.
International treaties can drastically shift the political landscape. Here are 5 European treaties that still affect the continent to this day.
Italian poet Francesco Petrarch became one of the most influential humanist scholars of the 14th century, paving the way to the Renaissance.