During her reign (1558-1603), Queen Elizabeth’s authority was challenged by several Catholic plots. At their center was her relative and fellow monarch, Mary, Queen of Scots.
For almost a millennium, the Carnival of Venice has dazzled millions with its opulence, mystery, and hedonism. What sparked this masked tradition of gilded indulgence?
English has so much influence from Old Norse that the beliefs about its evolution have been called into question.
Ancient Norse and Irish societies shared various mythological ideologies, particularly following the Viking Age, when a series of cultural exchanges took place.
In June 1314, Robert the Bruce and his Scottish army of 6,000 men trounced King Edward II’s English army, consolidating his reign as King of Scotland.
In the face of persecution by the Spanish Inquisition, many Moriscos used both arms and prophetic narratives to keep their Islamic identity alive.
Following the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders partitioned the Byzantine Empire and established their own states. The most important was the Latin Empire in Constantinople.
While antisemitism was common throughout European society, from the 1880s onwards the Russian Empire witnessed frequent violent attacks on Jewish communities known as pogroms.
