Places of exceptional historical significance never go unnoticed in the United States. For example, these are designated as National or State Historic Landmarks by the National Park Service or the Office of Historic Preservation in each state. Today, there are thousands of such sites across the country, and California is home to some of America’s most remarkable historic landmarks. We’ve handpicked 10 of the Golden State’s most iconic historic landmarks that we believe should make it onto your bucket list at least once in your lifetime due to their significant role in military defense, architectural innovations, civil rights movements, arts, and other events that shaped both the state and the nation.
1. Alcatraz Island, San Francisco
During its prime, this was considered America’s most secure prison. After all, “The Rock,” as it’s known, was a notorious facility that served as a military prison before transforming in 1934 into a maximum-security penitentiary when there was a national crackdown on crime. Alcatraz Island is perched on an isolated island in San Francisco Bay, and back in time, it housed some of the United States’ most dangerous criminals. Thanks to its remote location and very strong security measures, Alcatraz became synonymous with escape-proof incarceration.
Some of the infamous criminals that it housed include Al Capone and George “Machine Gun” Kelly. After the island was closed in 1963, it turned into a symbol of civil rights. This was when Native American activists occupied it for 19 months, starting in 1969. At present, Alcatraz Island is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. It’s also a popular tourist destination that you can reach by ferry from Pier 33 near Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco.
2. Hearst Castle, San Simeon
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Sign up to our Free Weekly NewsletterConstruction of this San Simeon castle, known as “La Cuesta Encantada” or “The Enchanted Hill,” began in 1919. It was actually the vision of newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst and was designed by the pioneering architect Julia Morgan. The Hearst Castle, which blends Mediterranean, Gothic, and Renaissance styles, took over 20 years to construct. It ended up with 165 rooms, of which 38 bedrooms, 41 bathrooms, one theater, and both indoor and outdoor pools.
Throughout its heyday, Hearst Castle became a glamorous retreat for the rich and famous, where Hollywood stars, artists, and political figures gathered for lavish parties. Guests like Charlie Chaplin and Winston Churchill were entertained with luxurious surroundings adorned with Hearst’s extensive art collection, which included pieces from Ancient Greece, Gothic Europe, and the Renaissance.
Nowadays, the castle, perched high above the Pacific Ocean, operates as a museum and state historical monument. It draws around 750,000 visitors every single year.
3. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco
Completed in 1937, this bridge is not only considered one of the most impressive landmarks in California or even the United States, but also the world. It’s the centerpiece of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area which is famous for a history that spans from Native American heritage to the eras of Spanish colonization, the Mexican Republic, and the California Gold Rush. All of these significant historical periods contributed to the growth of San Francisco as a major urban center.
The Golden Gate Bridge spans an impressive 1.7 miles across the Golden Gate Strait, and it connects San Francisco to Marin County. The suspension bridge’s distinctive “International Orange” color was chosen for visibility in the Bay Area’s frequent fog. Construction of this engineering marvel took over four years despite a handful of environmental and financial challenges. It’s also worth noting that the Art Deco towers of the Golden Gate Bridge soar 746 feet into the air.
You will enjoy walking or biking across the bridge while taking in panoramic views of the San Francisco skyline and the Pacific Ocean. Another interesting thing would be to see the historical exhibits offered by the Golden Gate Bridge Welcome Center.
4. Mission San Diego de Alcalá, San Diego
Mission San Diego de Alcalá was chosen as the “mother” of all California missions before the Sacred Expedition reached the California coast in 1769. The strategic location, close to both the harbor and Mexico, made it an ideal base for the Franciscan missionaries. The first site of the mission, near the Presidio, was dedicated by Father Junípero Serra on July 16, 1769. This marked the beginning of the storied history of Mission San Diego de Alcalá.
The native Kumeyaay people learned about Christianity through the mission, which also served as a center for agricultural and cultural development. The many challenges, such as local uprisings and natural disasters, didn’t stop the mission, which was restored to its historical grandeur. Today, Mission San Diego de Alcalá remains an active parish, and it’s a designated minor basilica.
You can visit just for the beautiful adobe architecture, marvel at the charming gardens, and hit the iconic museum where you can find artifacts from the early days of the mission. The bell tower is also worth seeing. It contains several historic bells, with one dating back to the year 1802.
5. Cabrillo National Monument, San Diego
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo was the first European to set foot on the West Coast of what is now the United States, and the Cabrillo National Monument in San Diego commemorates the 1542 landing of this man.
The historic site was established in 1913, and it offers stunning views of San Diego Bay, the Pacific Ocean, and seasonal whale migrations. The journey of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo marked the start of European exploration in California. His legacy is honored with a statue and visitor exhibits.
When visiting this historic landmark in San Diego, you’ll have the chance to explore the historical exhibits of the monument, hike scenic trails, or discover the rich marine life in the tidepools. These are best viewed during the winter’s low tides. The Old Point Loma Lighthouse is another highlight of the area, and it provides you with a glimpse into 19th-century coastal life. You can easily access Cabrillo National Monument by car or public transport from downtown San Diego.
6. Manzanar National Historic Site, Independence
This stark wooden guard tower is a reminder of one of America’s darkest moments in history. It marks the entrance to the Manzanar War Relocation Center, found about five miles south of Independence. Not much remains of the original site where over 10,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly held during World War II. However, it remains a strong symbol of civil liberties lost. The last remaining structure of this historic site is the former high school auditorium. The latter serves today as an interpretive center that offers a poignant look into the lives of those incarcerated there.
The Manzanar National Historic Site was established in 1992, and it preserves what remains one of ten war relocation centers used to house Japanese American citizens and residents during the war. Nowadays, you can explore the reconstructed barracks, mess halls, and other facilities. This will allow you to gain insight into the harsh living conditions the internees endured from 1942 to 1945.
We also encourage you to begin the tour at the Visitor Center, where you can view exhibits and a 22-minute documentary, Remembering Manzanar. You can also try the self-guided driving tour, where you can explore additional areas of the 540-acre site, such as the camp cemetery and Japanese gardens.
7. The Presidio of San Francisco, San Francisco
Spanning 1,491 acres, this vibrant national park is nestled within San Francisco. It was founded in 1776 as a military outpost and has seen Spanish, Mexican, and American control over the years. In 1846, the Presidio became a US Army base and played a key role in various conflicts, such as the Spanish-American War and World War II. It wasn’t until 1994 that the site was transitioned to a public park after 148 years of military use. It has since become a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
When visiting the Presidio, make sure to explore the historic military structures housed there, including the Officers’ Club and the San Francisco National Cemetery. You can also enjoy the various scenic trails, picnic spots, and panoramic views of the Golden Gate Bridge. The park is open year-round, and entrance is free of charge.
8. Old Mission Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
If you want to learn about California’s colonial past, then the “Queen of the Missions,” as Old Mission Santa Barbara is known, should be your next destination. Founded in 1786, this was Spain’s tenth mission, aimed at converting the indigenous people to Christianity.
Over the years, the Old Mission Santa Barbara saw several important historical events, such as the Chumash revolt of 1824. However, the mission continued to flourish despite all of these challenges. It remains, up to this day, a symbol of resilience and faith.
The 15-acre grounds that are all worth exploring include the Sacred Garden, Mission Church, Historic Cemetery, and La Huerta Garden. You’ll enjoy the neoclassical architecture, including the twin bell towers. These were added in the early 1800s. There’s also a museum on-site where you can see artifacts detailing the Old Mission Santa Barbara’s history and cultural impact.
You can easily reach the mission by car or foot as it’s located just four blocks from State Street. You can also use public transportation for that end.
9. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino
Spread across 120 acres, this charming site in San Marino, California, features more than 15,000 plant species, which makes an otherworldly escape just minutes from city life. This iconic cultural, educational, and research institution was established in 1919 by Henry E. Huntington, a railroad magnate. When visiting this landmark place, you’ll find rare books, artworks, and beautifully curated gardens. At the art museum, there’s European and American art, with iconic pieces such as Gainsborough’s The Blue Boy.
As for the library, it contains rare manuscripts. One of the 49 surviving Gutenberg Bibles is an example. You’ll have the opportunity to explore the 207-acre estate, including themed gardens like the Japanese and Chinese gardens, the Desert Garden, and the Rose Garden. If you’re a nature lover, then these botanical gardens, featuring over 16 distinct areas, will be your favorite.
10. Fort Point, San Francisco
This fascinating Civil War-era fort is located just beneath the south side of the Golden Gate Bridge. It was built between 1853 and 1861 and was designed to protect the San Francisco Bay from potential naval attacks. However, it’s interesting to know that the fort never saw active combat. Still, it stands today as an example of military architecture, praised for its fine masonry and strategic position.
On top of protecting the bay during wartime, Fort Point served several other purposes. One of these is being used for barracks and training during World War II. Today, you can visit the fort from Friday to Sunday between 10 AM and 5 PM. And it’s absolutely free to visit! You’ll have some quality time exploring the exhibits of the fort and walking through its historic corridors. Don’t forget to check out the rooftop; it offers some of the most mesmerizing views of the Golden Gate Bridge.
