Planet Earth is home to plenty of historic cities where empires have risen and fallen and from which new cultures have evolved. Many destinations used to serve as centers of power in the past, and their legacy continues until the present time. If you’re a lover of ancient ruins and relics, and if you have a knack for all things history, then the following historic cities are the next place to be as soon as you set off on your next adventure.
1. Athens, Greece
The birthplace of democracy and Western civilization needs no introduction. This is one of the world’s oldest cities, with a history stretching back over 3,000 years. Athens was a major center of art, politics, and philosophy in the 5th century BC during its golden age. After all, it was home to figures like Plato and Socrates.
The most famous historical landmark of the city is the Acropolis, home to iconic structures like the Parthenon, Erechtheion, and the Temple of Athena Nike. The crown jewel of Athens was built in the 5th century BC, and its temples were dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Other must-see sites in Athens include the Ancient Agora, which was once the heart of political and social life, and the Temple of Olympian Zeus, which took over 600 years to complete and was dedicated to the king of the gods.
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You would also want to explore the birthplace of ancient Greek Drama, the Theatre of Dionysus, as well as the Panathenaic Stadium, site of the first modern Olympic Games. If you want to learn about Athen’s rich cultural legacy, then we recommend you visit the Acropolis Museum and the National Archaeological Museum.
2. Boston, USA
America is a living tapestry of history, and Boston is one of the country’s oldest cities. This charming cultural mecca was founded in 1630 and had a major role in the American Revolution. The Puritans settled in Boston in the 17th century, where they established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. They also built America’s first public school.
Boston’s significance in the fight for independence during the American Revolution can’t be overlooked. After all, this is the place of the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the Battle of Bunker Hill. Thanks to its role in the war, Boston was nicknamed the “Cradle of Liberty.” In 1636, Harvard University was founded, followed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1861, which turned Boston into an education center.
Make sure to visit the Old State House, the Boston Common, the Bunker Hill Monument, and the Old North Church whenever you’re in Boston. These historical landmarks will give you a glimpse into the rich revolutionary past of the city.
3. Cusco, Peru
Although the origins of this city remain a mystery, what’s certain is that it was built with a clear focus on distinct urban planning. It also served in the past as the capital of the legendary Incan Empire. Manco Capac, the legendary founder and first ruler of the Inca civilization, is often credited with founding Cusco in the 12th century.
One interesting fact is that Manco is said to have designed the layout in the shape of a puma to symbolize strength. In the 16th century, after the Spanish arrived in the city, they built colonial structures over the Incan foundations. This allowed the merging of two powerful cultures. Thanks to its cultural heritage and historical significance, Cusco was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
When you’re in this iconic Peruvian city, you’ll need to see the Sacsayhuamán, a massive Incan fortress overlooking Cusco. Also, add to your list the Church of Santo Domingo, which used to be known as Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun) before the Spanish invaded. Plaza de Armas is Cusco’s central square. This is where you can visit the Cusco Cathedral and La Compañía de Jesús. Other must-see historical sites include the Tambomachay and Q’enqo archaeological complex.
4. Fez, Morocco
Idris I founded this ancient and cultural city of Morocco in the eighth century. He was the first ruler of the Idrisid dynasty. Under the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties in the 12th and 13th centuries, Fez was at its peak as a hub of spiritual and intellectual life. It was famous for its mosques, universities, and artisan traditions.
The most famous landmark of Fez is its well-preserved medina (Fez el-Bali). This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world’s largest car-free urban areas. When you’re in Fez, you will marvel at the charming labyrinthine streets, witnessing what medieval Morocco looked like since this area remains largely unchanged for centuries now.
Al-Qarawiyyin University and Mosque is a must-visit as this is one of the world’s oldest continuously operating universities. It was founded in 859 AD. Other historical sites of Fez to add to your bucket list include the 14th-century Bou Inania Madrasa, the grand and iconic blue-tiled gate Bab Bou Jeloud, and the Chouara Tanneries.
It’s also worth exploring the Dara Batha Museum, home to an impressive collection of Moroccan arts and crafts, as well as the Moulay Idriss II Mausoleum, a famous religious site dedicated to the founder of Fez.
5. Havana, Cuba
The vibrant capital of Cuba has a rich history influenced by revolution, colonialism, and diverse cultures. The Spanish founded the city in 1519, and it quickly became a stopping point for ships that moved treasures from the Americas to Spain. This was mainly thanks to Havana’s strategic location in the Caribbean. The Cuban capital kept flourishing until the country’s independence in 1898 after the Spanish-American War.
Havana experienced dramatic political changes, particularly when Fidel Castro led the Cuban Revolution in 1959, transforming the city into the heart of revolutionary Cuba.
A trip to Havana is a must if you love exploring history and culture. You will enjoy the cobbled streets and colonial-era buildings of the historic center, Old Havana, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. El Capitolio is another remarkable historical site in Havana. This one was modeled after the U.S. Capitol and was completed in 1929. Other historical landmarks worth visiting in the city include the Castillo de la Real Fuerza, which dates back to the 16th century, the Plaza de la Revolución, one of the world’s largest city squares, and the Malecón.
If you have more time on your hands, we recommend you visit the 18th-century Fortress of San Carlos de la Cabaña, the Gran Teatro de La Habana, and Hemingway’s House or Finca Vigía, which is the former home of Ernest Hemingway.
6. Rome, Italy
You probably already know that this is one of the most historically significant cities in the world. The Eternal City has been around for more than 2,500 years now. According to legend, Romulus founded it in 753 BC, and from there, it became the heart of the Roman Empire.
Rome is the perfect spot if you’re into history and art. The Colosseum, the most iconic symbol of ancient Rome, should be first on your list. You would also want to explore the unique collection of ruins at the Roman Forum, as well as the Pantheon, which was built as a Roman temple in 126 AD and then converted into a Christian church.
Vatican City is a must-visit, particularly St. Peter’s Basilica, the world’s biggest church, along with the Vatican Museums.
Other historical landmarks worth exploring in Rome include the Trevi Fountain, the Spanish Steps, the Catacombs, Castel Sant’Angelo, Piazza Navona, and the Capitoline Hill and Museums.
7. Quito, Ecuador
The capital of Ecuador was formerly part of the Inca Empire, so it has a rich history dating back to the pre-Columbian era. Spanish colonialists founded the city in 1534. In 1978, it became one of the first South American cities to be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the early 19th century, Quito played a significant role in Ecuador’s fight to become independent from Spain.
You’ll notice that many of the historical landmarks in Quito represent the colonial past and revolutionary spirit of the city. This includes the Plaza Grande or Independence Square, which houses important historical buildings, such as the Presidential Palace, the Cathedral of Quito, and the Archbishop’s Palace.
The 17th-century Jesuit church of La Compañía de Jesús is a must-visit in Quito. The interior is covered in gold leaf and intricate Baroque designs, so it’s something interesting to see for art and history lovers.
You will also enjoy visiting the massive neo-Gothic church of Basilica del Voto Nacional and marvel at the breathtaking views from its towers. Other historic landmarks worth exploring in the city include the San Francisco Church and Monastery, the hilltop of El Panecillo, Calle La Ronda, and the Casa del Alabado Museum.
8. Luxor, Egypt
This former capital of ancient Egypt was previously known as Thebes. It was the center of power for pharaohs like Tutankhamun and Ramses II. Today, Luxor is considered one of the world’s richest archaeological sites, sometimes even called the world’s greatest open-air museum.
One of the most notable historic landmarks worth visiting in the city is the Karnak Temple, famous for its massive columns and statues. The Luxor Temple is famous for its statues of Ramses II, and it’s worth seeing it illuminated at night. Across the Nile, you can see the Valley of the Kings, which holds over 60 tombs, including King Tut’s.
It’s worth adding the Valley of the Queens, home to the stunning Tomb of Nefertari, to your bucket list when visiting Luxor. Other historic sites we recommend you visit include the Temple of Hatshepsut, the towering Colossi of Memnon, Medinet Habu, The Ramesseum, which is a temple built by Ramses II, Deir el-Medina, and the Luxor Museum.
9. Luang Prabang, Laos
Renowned for its cultural and spiritual heritage, Luang Prabang is one of Laos’ most historically significant cities. In the 14th century, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Lan Xang. Since then, it served as both the royal and religious center of Laos for so many centuries.
Luang Prabang is famous for its traditional Lao architecture, French colonial buildings, and Buddhist temples. So its history is rich with a mix of foreign influences.
The first historical landmark you need to see when in this northern Laos city is the Wat Xieng Thong temple which was built in 1560. This site had a significant importance in royal ceremonies. The Royal Palace, which serves today as the National Museum, is where you can see various royal artifacts.
If you want to see Buddha Statues, then Pak Ou Caves is the place to be in Luang Prabang. It’s home to thousands of these iconic structures. As for Mount Phousi, it offers stunning views of the city and surrounding rivers. Other historical landmarks worth exploring in Luang Prabang include the Wat Visoun, Wat Sene, and Wat Mai temples.
10. Varanasi, India
Varanasi continues to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities. It’s often referred to as “Kashi” or “Benares.” It has a history that spans over 3,000 years. For so long, Varanasi has been a major center of Hinduism, spirituality, and learning. It’s actually situated on the banks of the sacred Ganges River.
Legend says that Lord Shiva, one of Hinduism’s principal deities, has founded this historic Indian city. This is why Varanasi is considered the holiest of the seven secret cities in Hinduism.
A key historical landmark you need to visit when you’re in Varanasi is the temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Kashi Vishwanath Temple. It attracts millions of pilgrims every year.
As for the steps leading down to the Ganges River, these are known as the Ghats of Varanasi. There are nearly 100 of them, and the Dashashwamedh Ghat is the most famous among them all.
Other historical sites worthy of visiting in and around the city include the Sarnath, where Buddha gave his first sermon after attaining enlightenment, the 17th-century Ramnagar Fort, the Tulsi Manas Temple, and the Alamgir Mosque.
