10 Must-Visit Historical Landmarks in the US Midwest

The Midwest is much more than just endless plains and farmland. This region, known for its vibrant cities, Great Lakes, iconic national parks, and rolling prairies, is also steeped in a rich and impressive history. This history is brought to life through a wealth of landmarks, from monuments commemorating pivotal American events to sites honoring Indigenous heritage and the legacies of trailblazing leaders. When you find yourself in the Midwest, remember to visit these ten must-see historical landmarks.

Designed by architect Eero Saarinen in 1948, this 630-foot stainless steel monument was completed in 1965. It commemorates the Louisiana Purchase and the pioneers who journeyed westward.

If you want to enjoy some panoramic views of up to 30 miles on clear days, we recommend you embark on a tram ride to the top of Gateway Arch. Beneath this historical landmark, the Museum at the Gateway Arch features six interactive galleries detailing over 200 years of history, including the construction of the Arch itself.

The surrounding Gateway Arch National Park provides you with some scenic walks along the Mississippi River. So there are plenty of reasons for both history enthusiasts and architecture admirers to visit.

2. Mount Rushmore National Memorial, Keystone, South Dakota

Located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, this iconic landmark features the 60-foot-tall granite faces of Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Sculpted by Gutzon Borglum between 1927 and 1941, the monument symbolizes the nation’s founding, expansion, preservation, and development.

When visiting, make sure to explore the Lincoln Borglum Visitor Center to learn about the monument’s history and construction. The Presidential Trail offers close-up views of the carvings. As for the Sculptor’s Studio, it provides you with a glimpse into Borglum’s vision and techniques. There’s also a unique evening lighting ceremony that is held during the summer months. This one is also worth checking out.

Also, it will be interesting to explore the surrounding Black Hills of Mount Rushmore National Memorial. These offer hiking trails, wildlife viewing, and proximity to other attractions like Custer State Park and the Crazy Horse Memorial.

This historical landmark, nestled in Collinsville, Illinois, preserves the remnants of the largest pre-Columbian city north of Mexico. At its peak around 1100 CE, Cahokia spanned approximately 4,000 acres, encompassing about 120 earthen mounds and hosting a population of nearly 20,000 individuals, larger than London at that time.

You can explore the site’s 2,200 acres, which include 70 remaining mounds. Monks Mound, the largest structure, rises over 100 feet and offers panoramic views of the surrounding area. The Interpretive Center, currently closed for renovations, typically provides exhibits and insights into the Mississippian culture that thrived here.

If you’re intrigued to learn about ancient urban planning and the sophisticated society that once inhabited the region, then you must visit Cahokia Mounds, which has also been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

4. Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument, Indianapolis, Indiana

The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument, located in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, stands as a tribute to Hoosier veterans of the Civil War and earlier conflicts. Designed by German architect Bruno Schmitz, construction began in 1888 and concluded in 1902. The monument reaches a height of 284 feet. It is just 15 feet shorter than New York’s Statue of Liberty.

The monument’s observation deck is accessible by climbing 331 steps. If leg day isn’t your favorite, there’s an elevator that takes you most of the way up, leaving just a few steps to conquer. The deck offers panoramic views of Indianapolis.

The monument also features intricate sculptures by Rudolf Schwarz, including groups titled “War” and “Peace,” as well as a 30-foot bronze statue of Victory atop the structure. The surrounding Monument Circle serves as a central gathering place for events and celebrations.

Nestled in northeastern Iowa, this iconic landmark preserves over 200 prehistoric mounds constructed by Native American cultures between 500 BC and 1300 AD. These earthen structures, shaped like animals such as bears and birds, served as burial and ceremonial sites. They are a reflection of the spiritual beliefs of the mound builders.

You’ll have the chance to explore 14 miles of hiking trails that wind through forests and prairies and enjoy some mesmerizing views of the Mississippi River. One unique highlight of the monument is the Marching Bear Group, a collection of ten bear and three bird effigy mounds. And if you’re looking for exhibits detailing the cultural and natural history of the area, then the visitor center is the place to go.

Effigy Mounds is recognized as a sacred site by many Native American tribes. This is why, when visiting this iconic site, you’ll have the unique opportunity to connect with ancient traditions and appreciate the ingenuity of early inhabitants.

6. Mackinac Island State Park and Fort Mackinac, Mackinac Island, Michigan

Established in 1895, Mackinac Island State Park encompasses over 80% of Mackinac Island in Michigan. Originally designated as Mackinac National Park in 1875, the second national park in the United States, it transitioned to state control two decades later. The park is renowned for its pristine natural landscapes, including limestone formations like Arch Rock and Sugar Loaf, as well as dense forests and scenic trails.

Within the park lies Fort Mackinac, a military outpost constructed by the British between 1779 and 1781 during the American Revolutionary War.

Situated on a bluff with sweeping views over the Straits of Mackinac, the fort played pivotal roles in both the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. Today, it stands as a well-preserved historical site, featuring 14 original buildings furnished with period settings and themed exhibits. Visitors can witness reenactments, cannon, and rifle firing demonstrations, and explore interactive displays that bring the fort’s history to life.

Officially known as “The Eternal Indian,” you can find this 48-foot-tall concrete sculpture in Lowden State Park near Oregon, Illinois. Designed by sculptor Lorado Taft and completed in 1911, the statue stands atop a 77-foot bluff overlooking the Rock River, honoring Native American heritage and symbolizing the unconquerable spirit of Indigenous peoples.

You can access the statue via park trails and take in some panoramic views of the river and surrounding landscape. Black Hawk Statue’s commanding presence and serene setting make it a popular spot for photography and reflection. The park also provides picnic areas and hiking paths, allowing for a full day of outdoor activities.

If you’re looking to explore a place that provides you with a unique blend of art, history, and nature, then add Black Hawk Statue to your bucket list.

8. Iron Mountain Road, South Dakota

Iron Mountain Road, officially known as US Route 16A, is a 17-mile scenic highway in South Dakota’s Black Hills, renowned for its engineering marvels and breathtaking vistas. Designed in the 1930s under the guidance of Governor Peter Norbeck, the road features 314 curves, 14 switchbacks, and three “pigtail” bridges. These are circular structures that loop over themselves to navigate the rugged terrain. Notably, the route includes three narrow tunnels that perfectly frame views of Mount Rushmore. They provide travelers with a unique perspective of the monument.

Driving Iron Mountain Road is an immersive experience, with its winding paths encouraging a leisurely pace to fully appreciate the surrounding natural beauty. The road connects Custer State Park to Mount Rushmore National Memorial, making it a popular route for visitors exploring the Black Hills region. Along the way, travelers can enjoy panoramic overlooks, wildlife sightings, and the distinctive engineering features that make this road a destination in itself.

You can see this historic military fort at the meeting point of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in St. Paul, Minnesota. Constructed between 1820 and 1825, Fort Snelling was initially established to protect US interests in the fur trade and to deter British influence in the region. Over the years, the fort played pivotal roles in various conflicts, including the US–Dakota War of 1862 and both World Wars. During World War II, it served as a training and recruitment center, processing over 300,000 soldiers.

Today, visitors to Historic Fort Snelling can explore restored buildings, interactive exhibits, and reenactments that bring its multifaceted history to life. The site offers insights into the lives of soldiers, fur traders, and the Dakota people, whose homeland includes this area known as Bdote. The recently renovated Plank Museum & Visitor Center provides additional context and educational resources.

10. Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial, Put-in-Bay, Ohio

South Bass Island, located in Lake Erie, Ohio, is home to this iconic memorial, which honors the heroes who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie, which took place in the War of 1812. Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial also commemorates the enduring peace among the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. A 352-foot Doric column completed in 1915, it is one of the tallest monuments in the nation.

When visiting Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial, the first thing you should consider doing is ascending to the observation deck via an elevator. This will allow you to enjoy panoramic views of the Lake Erie Islands and the surrounding waters. The memorial also features a visitor center with exhibits detailing the history of the battle and the significance of the peace that followed.